B
Evidence Grade B
Graded
accuracy verified by the review judge
Safe to Cite
Dated
$1,000,000,000
$1,000,000,000 -- regulatory fine total for Volkswagen and BMW (2021)
Volkswagen and BMW were fined $1 billion by the European Commission over diesel-tech collusion.
Attribution:
View source
Lighthouse Research Team
Last verified:
·
How we verify data →
Source verified
Evidence graded
Value
$1,000,000,000
Unit
Currency Usd
Data Vintage
2021
Entity
Evidence Quality
B
Strong, reliable evidence
Sourced from a well-regarded research firm or industry leader with transparent methodology and a reasonably large sample.
Single source - not yet corroborated
Score breakdown
Extraction
75
Source Trust
60
Citation Chain
20
Independence
30
Methodology
45
Freshness
95
Source
The Wall Street Journal
Primary
Tier B
https://marshall-johnstonmm.com/2022/01/15/greenwashing/ ↗
Source Article
Greenwashing
Take a look at your shampoo bottle or an item in your pantry. Is the packaging recyclable? Is it “naturally derived”? Does it come from a “sustainable” brand? Chances are, you are being misled by those labels. In order to meet increased consumer expectations for environmentally friendly products and…
Original Research
The Wall Street Journal
· Original study ↗
Methodology
European Commission fine for collusion impeding green technology innovation
Methodology documented
Segmentation
Industrymarketing
Cite this stat
Plain Text
Volkswagen and BMW: $1,000,000,000 regulatory fine total. Source: The Wall Street Journal (2021). Via Lighthouse Intelligence -- https://lighthousedata.io/data/vw-bmw-eu-fine-green-tech-collusion
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<blockquote cite="https://lighthousedata.io/data/vw-bmw-eu-fine-green-tech-collusion" style="border-left:3px solid #2563eb;padding:12px 16px;margin:16px 0;font-family:system-ui,sans-serif;background:#f0f4ff;"><strong>$1,000,000,000</strong> -- regulatory fine total for Volkswagen and BMW<br><small>Source: The Wall Street Journal (2021) · <a href="https://lighthousedata.io/data/vw-bmw-eu-fine-green-tech-collusion" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Lighthouse Intelligence</a></small></blockquote>
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